Time of your hate: The challenge of time in hate speech detection on social media

The availability of large annotated corpora from social media and the development of powerful classification approaches have contributed in an unprecedented way to tackle the challenge of monitoring users' opinions and sentiments in online social platforms across time. Such linguistic data are strongly affected by events and topic discourse, and this aspect is crucial when detecting phenomena such as hate speech, especially from a diachronic perspective. We address this challenge by focusing on a real case study: the "Contro l'odio" platform for monitoring hate speech against immigrants in the Italian Twittersphere. We explored the temporal robustness of a BERT model for Italian (AlBERTo), the current benchmark on non-diachronic detection settings. We tested different training strategies to evaluate how the classification performance is affected by adding more data temporally distant from the test set and hence potentially different in terms of topic and language use. Our analysis points out the limits that a supervised classification model encounters on data that are heavily influenced by events. Our results show how AlBERTo is highly sensitive to the temporal distance of the fine-tuning set. However, with an adequate time window, the performance increases, while requiring less annotated data than a traditional classifier

Sustainable Tourism in Campania Region: Statistical Analysis and Metrics for the Development of Tourist Destinations

This paper deals with the issue of the sustainable tourism in Campania region and its touristic offer in the four territorial clusters: art cities, marine, thermal and hilly locations. In the paper it is pointed out that the way the regional authorities incentivize or assist touristic firms to diversify into tourism may have implications for sustainability. In this work we measured the potential of tourism by the aggregation of 11 indicators. In this study was estimated by the Global Tourism Index (G) for the region and for the four territorial areas (cluster), obtained from the combination of structural variables (number of accommodation facilities and of beds) and of flows (arrivals and presences) registered in Campania tourism. Finally, some emerging territorial strategies are proposed for the integrated development of a tourist system in the Campania Region. That is, the tourist destinations and the territorial brand. The final aim of this research is to develop and test a new Global Index for evaluating the sustainable development in tourism industry context to address the integration of social, economic, and ecological elements of sustainable development